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Geography Optional 300+ Score Pack · Model answer

How can rural-urban fringe be delineated? Explain with suitable examples from India.

  • UPSC 2025
  • Settlements

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The fringe is a zone of transition, not a line — George S. Wehrwein (1942) fixed it as the belt between recognised urban land uses and land in agriculture; R.J. Pryor (1968) split it into inner urban and outer rural fringes. Delineation means choosing a criterion and a threshold; each draws the boundary elsewhere.

You are reading the opening of the model answer. The full answer is part of the Geography Optional 300+ Score Pack.

What the full answer covers

  • Administrative and Statutory Criteria
  • Demographic Criteria
  • Land-Use Criteria
  • Functional and Interaction Criteria
  • Composite Index and Remote Sensing
  • Judgement: A Belt Cannot Be Fixed by a Single Line
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