Sociology Optional PYQ Solutions · Model answer
How are Hierarchy and Exclusion the major impediments in the transformation of societies? Discuss.
- UPSC 2020
- Stratification and Mobility
Social transformation means a shift from ascription to achievement, from subjects to citizens, and from stagnation to broad-based development. Talcott Parsons described this through his pattern variables, and T. H. Marshall (Citizenship and Social Class, 1950) through the spread of civil, political and social rights. Hierarchy fixes people in ranked positions, and exclusion keeps whole…
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What the full answer covers
- How hierarchy impedes transformation
- How exclusion impedes transformation
- The counter-view
- Conclusion
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