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Geography Optional 300+ Score Pack · Model answer

How a ‘Solum’ as a concept different from ‘Pedon’? Describe.

  • UPSC 2026
  • Biogeography

Solum is the genetic unit — the set of horizons (O, A, E and B) that pedogenic processes have actually altered, resting on the little-weathered C horizon and the R bedrock beneath it.

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  • What each concept names
  • Where the difference actually lies
  • Defining criterion
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