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History Optional PYQ Master Pack · Model answer

Gunpowder changed the character of warfare in India during the Mughal era. Elucidate.

  • UPSC 2025
  • Economy and Society in the 16th and 17th Centuries

The claim that gunpowder transformed Indian warfare under the Mughals sits within a wider global historiographical debate about "gunpowder empires," and elucidating it requires weighing genuine tactical and political change against the substantial continuities that qualify any simple narrative of revolution.

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What the full answer covers

  • Babur and the Founding Battles: Panipat and Khanua
  • Development Under Akbar: Standardisation and Firearms Innovation
  • The Limits: Continuity of Cavalry, Elephants and Traditional Arms
  • Political and Strategic Consequences

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