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PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions · Model answer

‘The Gramscian theory of hegemony provides many valuable insights into the nature of global power.” Comment.

  • UPSC 2024
  • 20 marks
  • Approaches to the Study of International Relations

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Antonio Gramsci, writing his Prison Notebooks (1929–35), asked why workers in the advanced West had not overthrown capitalism. His answer was hegemony: rule secured mainly by consent, manufactured in civil society, with coercion held in reserve. In his formula the state is "hegemony protected by the armour of coercion". Robert W. Cox carried the concept…

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What the full answer covers

  • From national to global hegemony
  • The insights
  • Reading 2025–26
  • Limits
  • Conclusion
PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions

PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions

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