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Geography Optional 300+ Score Pack · Model answer

Give an account of the nature of biosphere as an ecosystem.

  • UPSC 2014
  • Environmental Geography

The biosphere is the life-bearing film where the lithosphere, atmosphere and hydrosphere meet; Eduard Suess named it (1875) and Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky (1926) recast it as a single geochemical system driven by life.

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What the full answer covers

  • Components
  • Functioning: Energy Flows, Matter Cycles
  • Systemic Nature
  • The Limits Now Being Tested

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