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Sociology Optional PYQ Solutions · Model answer

Give a sociological explanation of violence against women in India. What suggestions would you give to mitigate these violences?

  • UPSC 2026
  • 20 marks
  • Challenges of Social Transformation

A sociological explanation begins not with the violent man but with the arrangements that make his violence probable and tolerable to others. Johan Galtung ("Violence, Peace, and Peace Research", 1969) called this structural violence — harm built into social arrangements, with no identifiable actor. Violence against Indian women is the visible surface of a structure…

You are reading the opening of the model answer. The full answer is part of Sociology Optional PYQ Solutions.

What the full answer covers

  • Patriarchy as a system of social relations
  • The Indian specification: caste, kinship, property
  • The private sphere as the unpoliced sphere
  • Masculinity under strain
  • Mitigation: work on the structure, not only the act
  • Conclusion

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