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PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions · Model answer

“Free and fair deliberation is key to the foundation of democracy.” Explain.

  • UPSC 2021
  • 15 marks
  • Democracy

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Bernard Manin ("On Legitimacy and Political Deliberation", 1987) argued that the source of legitimacy is not the predetermined will of individuals but the process by which that will is formed: deliberation itself. If so, democracy rests less on the vote than on the discussion that comes before it. That discussion confers legitimacy only when it…

You are reading the opening of the model answer. The full answer is part of the PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions.

What the full answer covers

  • Why Deliberation Is Foundational
  • What Makes Deliberation "Free"
  • What Makes It "Fair"
  • Threats Today
  • Limits
  • Conclusion
PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions

PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions

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