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History Optional PYQ Master Pack · Model answer

Faced with the challenge of the intrusion of colonial culture and ideology, an attempt to reinvigorate traditional institutions and to realize the potential of traditional culture developed during the nineteenth century. Critically examine.

  • UPSC 2018
  • Social and Religious Reform Movements in Bengal and Other Areas

The nineteenth century in colonial India produced not one but two responses to Western intrusion — an early reformist current willing to remake tradition in the light of reason, and a later, more assertive revivalist current that sought instead to reinvigorate tradition on its own terms.

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What the full answer covers

  • The Arya Samaj and Vedic Revivalism
  • Neo-Hinduism: Ramakrishna and Vivekananda
  • The Theosophical Society
  • Islamic Revivalism: Deoband and Aligarh
  • Sikh Revivalism: The Singh Sabha Movement
  • Critical Assessment

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