Unlock Elite Access: Level Up Your Preparation with Exclusive Content

Geography Optional 300+ Score Pack · Model answer

Explain the natural and anthropogenic causes and mitigation measures of frequent flooding in Mumbai.

  • UPSC 2018
  • Environmental Geography

Mumbai floods almost every monsoon — 1985, 26 July 2005, 2017, 2019, 2021 and again in May 2025; on 26 July 2005 Santacruz recorded 944 mm in 24 hours (644 mm in 12 hours) and about 1,094 people died across Maharashtra.

You are reading the opening of the model answer. The full answer is part of the Geography Optional 300+ Score Pack.

What the full answer covers

  • Natural Causes
  • Anthropogenic Causes
  • Mitigation Measures

Unlock this answer and 800+ more

  • 820 solved PYQ model answers (2013–2026), Paper I and Paper II
  • Topic-wise across all 20 syllabus units
  • 20 PYQ Pattern Analysis & Strategy reports, one per unit
  • Diagrams and maps drawn inside the answers, where you would draw them
  • 500 days of access from the day you enrol, on phone, laptop or tablet

₹1,770₹2,50029% off

Get Geography Optional 300+ Score Pack @ ₹1,770 →

One-time payment · No subscription · Instant access · UPI, cards, RuPay

See every Environmental Geography question (88 solved) →Already enrolled? Log in