Geography Optional 300+ Score Pack · Model answer
Explain the major principles of ecology.
Ecology, derived from the Greek oikos (house) and logos (study), was defined by Ernst Haeckel (1869) as the study of the reciprocal relationship of organisms with their environment. As a discipline, it rests not on isolated observations but on a coherent body of fundamental principles that govern the structure, function, and dynamics of every ecosystem on Earth. These principles…
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What the full answer covers
- 1. Principle of uniformitarianism
- 2. Principle of the ecosystem as unit of ecological study
- 3. Principle of mutual reaction (Fundamental ecological axiom)
- 4. Principle of energetics
- Laws of thermodynamics in ecology
- Lindeman's Ten Percent Law (1942)
- …and 12 more sections, with a conclusion
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