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Sociology Optional PYQ Solutions · Model answer

Explain the growing salience of ethnicity in the contemporary world with illustrations.

  • UPSC 2021
  • Stratification and Mobility

Both modernisation theory and Marxism expected ascriptive loyalties to give way to citizenship or class. The opposite happened. Nathan Glazer and Daniel Patrick Moynihan (Ethnicity: Theory and Experience, 1975) admitted being "surprised" by the persistence of ethnic identification and conflict. Today ethnicity is among the strongest bases of collective action.

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What the full answer covers

  • What ethnicity is
  • Why ethnicity has become more salient
  • Competing readings
  • Conclusion

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