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History Optional PYQ Master Pack · Model answer

Explain the attitude of the Indian National Congress towards the constitutional changes of 1909, 1919 and 1935.

  • UPSC 1998
  • Constitutional Developments in Colonial India, 1858-1935

Across three decades of constitutional reform, the Indian National Congress's response moved from cautious engagement to conditional participation to outright rejection, tracking its own transformation from a petitioning elite body into a mass movement demanding complete self-rule.

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What the full answer covers

  • 1909: Guarded Welcome, Underlying Reservations
  • 1919: Qualified Rejection, Then Reluctant Boycott
  • 1935: Principled Rejection of the Federal Scheme, Pragmatic Contestation of Provincial Autonomy

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