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History Optional PYQ Master Pack · Model answer

Examine the view that the thirty years war (1618-1648) was essentially a contest between the Bourbon and Hapsburg houses for mastery of the Continent of Europe. How far did it settle the issue?

  • UPSC 1988
  • Origins of Modern Politics

The Thirty Years' War (1618–1648), Europe's most destructive conflict before the twentieth century, began as a religious struggle within the Holy Roman Empire but hardened, in its later phases, into a dynastic contest between the Bourbons of France and the Habsburgs of Austria and Spain.

You are reading the opening of the model answer. The full answer is part of the History Optional PYQ Master Pack.

What the full answer covers

  • Religious Origins: The Bohemian and Danish Phases
  • The Turn to Dynastic Contest: Sweden and France
  • The Character of the Later War (1635–1648)
  • How Far Did the Peace of Westphalia Settle the Issue?

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