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Geography Optional 300+ Score Pack · Model answer

Examine the relevance of the ‘rimland theory’ in the contemporary world.

  • UPSC 2019
  • Models, Theories and Laws

Nicholas J. Spykman advanced the rimland thesis in America's Strategy in World Politics (1942) and The Geography of the Peace (1944), accepting Mackinder's two premises — geographical causation of history and the land power versus sea power conflict — but inverting his conclusion.

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