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Geography Optional 300+ Score Pack · Model answer

Examine the problems of peri-urbanisation in India.

  • 15 marks
  • Settlements

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The question presupposes that peri-urbanisation is a phenomenon with identifiable problems; the more uncomfortable truth is that in India it is not a deviation from urban planning but its default mode. Peri-urban areas are the rural–urban fringe — a belt of transitional land use where the city spills into the village, livelihoods mix, and governance…

You are reading the opening of the model answer. The full answer is part of the Geography Optional 300+ Score Pack.

What the full answer covers

  • What Peri-urbanisation in India Actually Is
  • How the Peri-urban Fringe Is Manufactured
  • The Problems of Peri-urbanisation
  • 1. Unplanned land-use change and speculative land markets
  • 2. Environmental degradation at the ecological frontier
  • 3. Infrastructure deficit and the "pseudo-urban" condition
  • …and 11 more sections, with a conclusion
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