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PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions · Model answer

Examine the main issues involved in the Church- State controversy. What were its consequences?

  • UPSC 1993
  • Theories of the State

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The medieval Church-State controversy set the papacy against the emperor and, later, against national kings. Between the eleventh and fourteenth centuries it asked who holds final authority in a Christian society. The unintended answer was the sovereign secular state.

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  • The Main Issues
  • Consequences
  • Conclusion
PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions

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