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History Optional PYQ Master Pack · Model answer

Evaluate the impact of the Sufi and Bhakti Movements on vernacular languages & life and thought of the common people

  • UPSC 2001
  • The Fifteenth and Early Sixteenth Century: Political History

Sanskrit and Persian remained the languages of scriptural authority and court chancery through much of medieval India, largely opaque to the peasant, artisan, and trader who formed the bulk of society.

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What the full answer covers

  • The Southern Origins: Tamil, Telugu, Kannada
  • Eastern Vernaculars: Bengali, Oriya, Assamese, Maithili
  • Western India: Rajasthani and Gujarati
  • Punjabi and the Sikh Scriptural Tradition
  • Marathi: The Varkari Tradition
  • Hindi, Avadhi, Braj, and the Sufi Premakhyan
  • …and 2 more sections, with a conclusion

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