Unlock Elite Access: Level Up Your Preparation with Exclusive Content

PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions · Model answer

Write an essay on ‘New Social Movements’ in developing countries.

  • UPSC 2019
  • 15 marks
  • Politics of Representation and Participation

Unlock the full answer · ₹1,770 ↓

New social movements (NSMs) were first theorised in the post-industrial West by Alain Touraine, Jürgen Habermas and Alberto Melucci as identity- and value-based mobilisations distinct from class politics. Transplanted to the global South, the concept changes shape: the "new" grows out of the unmet promises of the post-colonial state and never fully leaves the "old"…

You are reading the opening of the model answer. The full answer is part of the PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions.

What the full answer covers

  • Why they arose
  • Their distinctive character
  • The main currents
  • Significance and assessment
  • Conclusion
PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions

PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions

Unlock this answer and 1,393 more

  • 1,394 solved UPSC PSIR PYQs from 1991 to 2026, Paper-1 and Paper-2
  • Topic-wise across all 40 syllabus units
  • A full model answer for every question
  • Read online on lotusarise.com, plus PDF download
  • 500 days of access from the day you enrol

₹1,770₹5,00064% off

Get PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions @ ₹1,770 →

One-time payment · No subscription · Instant access · UPI, cards, RuPay

See every Politics of Representation and Participation question (39 solved) →Already enrolled? Log in