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Geography Optional 300+ Score Pack · Model answer

“Ellen Churchill Semple is an ardent supporter of Determinism.” Explain.

  • UPSC 2013
  • Environmental Geography

Ellen Churchill Semple (1863–1932) was the leading voice of environmental determinism in American geography — the view that physical environment shapes bodies, minds, economies and history.

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What the full answer covers

  • Why She Is Called an Ardent Determinist
  • Where the Label Needs Qualifying
  • The Critique
  • Determinism Today

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