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PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions · Model answer

Explain the impact of electoral systems and cleavages in shaping party systems with reference to developing countries.

  • UPSC 2021
  • 20 marks
  • Politics of Representation and Participation

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The standard comparative view holds that a party system, the patterned interaction among parties, comes from two forces acting together. Social cleavages supply the demand for parties, and electoral systems filter how many of them survive. In developing countries both forces work differently from the European template, so imported rules rarely behave as predicted.

You are reading the opening of the model answer. The full answer is part of the PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions.

What the full answer covers

  • The electoral-system effect
  • The cleavage effect
  • The interaction in developing countries
  • Limits of the framework
  • Conclusion
PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions

PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions

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