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History Optional PYQ Master Pack · Model answer

Do you agree with the view that the advent of the Turks and the Mughals in India heralded many changes in the means of production? Give reasons in support of your answer

  • UPSC 1995
  • Economy and Society in the 16th and 17th Centuries

The Turkish conquest from the thirteenth century and the consolidation of the Mughal Empire thereafter did bring real, traceable changes to India's productive base — but the change was genuine and significant rather than transformative, unevenly spread across regions and sectors, and never disturbed the fundamentally pre-capitalist relations of production underneath it.

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What the full answer covers

  • Genuine Technological and Agricultural Change
  • Craft Production: Organizational More Than Technical Change
  • Limits: Why This Falls Short of a Revolution in Production
  • An Uneven, Regionally Skewed Picture

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