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PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions · Model answer

Write: “Divisionism” in Indian political parties with special reference to Janta Dal, Congress, CPI and Akali Dal.

  • UPSC 1999
  • 20 marks
  • Party System

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Divisionism is the recurring slide of Indian parties from internal faction into formal split. Robert Michels (Political Parties, 1911) argued that organisation breeds oligarchy. Indian parties add a further defect: no procedure lets a faction lose an argument and stay, so exit becomes the usual outlet. The four parties named each split along a different…

You are reading the opening of the model answer. The full answer is part of the PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions.

What the full answer covers

  • Congress: the leadership fault line
  • Janata Dal: fragmentation as a way of life
  • CPI: ideological divisionism
  • Akali Dal: panthic and personal factions
  • The recent form: claiming the whole party
  • Why Indian parties split
  • …and 1 more sections, with a conclusion
PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions

PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions

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