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Sociology Optional PYQ Solutions · Model answer

Discuss the various forms of environmental movements started in India.

  • UPSC 2016
  • Social Movements in Modern India

Indian environmentalism is not about wilderness or posterity; it is about who gets the forest, the water and the fish now. Ramachandra Guha and Joan Martínez-Alier (Varieties of Environmentalism, 1997) call this the environmentalism of the poor, and the contrast is the organising principle for any typology of Indian movements.

You are reading the opening of the model answer. The full answer is part of Sociology Optional PYQ Solutions.

What the full answer covers

  • Why the Indian forms differ
  • Forms by resource and dispossession
  • Forms by ideology and strategy
  • What the typology reveals
  • Conclusion

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