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Geography Optional 300+ Score Pack · Model answer

Discuss the significance of new ports on the Western Coast of India on the external trade of the country.

  • UPSC 2022
  • Transport, Communication and Trade

André Vigarié frames every port as a triptych — hinterland, port, foreland. Its significance is set by the reach of the land market behind it and the value of the sea routes before it; berths only mediate. New capacity is judged on what it adds to draft and foreland reach, not tonnage.

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What the full answer covers

  • The measure of a port
  • The new capacity
  • Significance for external trade
  • Verdict

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