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History Optional PYQ Master Pack · Model answer

Discuss the Self-strengthening movement in China.

  • UPSC 1986
  • Imperialism and Colonialism

Confronted by defeat in the Opium Wars and internal collapse in the Taiping Rebellion, the Qing dynasty after 1861 launched a programme of selective Westernization that sought to preserve the old order by borrowing Western technique without Western values.

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What the full answer covers

  • Origins in Crisis
  • Content of the Movement
  • The Movement's Structural Limits
  • The Verdict of 1894-95

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