History Optional PYQ Master Pack · Model answer
Discuss the scientific and technological developments in ancient India.
- UPSC 1991
- Themes in Early Indian Cultural History
A recurring charge against ancient Indian intellectual life is that it exhausted itself in metaphysical speculation — the nature of the atman, Brahman, and the cycle of rebirth — while leaving little room for empirical, pure science. This reading does not survive contact with the actual archaeological and textual record. Across metallurgy, hydraulic engineering, navigation,…
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What the full answer covers
- Metallurgy: From Harappan Bronze to the Rustless Iron Pillar
- Town-Planning and Hydraulic Engineering
- Shipbuilding and Navigation
- Medicine: Charaka, Sushruta and the Ayurvedic Corpus
- Mathematics and Astronomy
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