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History Optional PYQ Master Pack · Model answer

Discuss the relationship between emergence of literature in vernacular languages and formation of regional identities in early medieval India.

  • UPSC 2021
  • Regional States during Gupta Era

The early medieval centuries saw Sanskrit continue as the subcontinent's cosmopolitan idiom of royal legitimation even as Tamil, Kannada, and Telugu each developed, or in Tamil's case redirected, a literary tradition of their own under direct royal patronage. The relationship between the two was not one of replacement but of a deliberate division of labour,…

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What the full answer covers

  • Tamil: An Already-Mature Vernacular Redirected into Bhakti
  • Kannada: Inscriptional Beginnings under the Chalukyas, a Literary Identity under the Rashtrakutas
  • Telugu: A Later, Court-Anchored Beginning under the Eastern Chalukyas
  • The Causal Mechanism: How Patronage Built Regional Identity

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