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History Optional PYQ Master Pack · Model answer

Discuss the major initiatives taken by the Government of India for the removal of caste injustice and inequality after 1947.

  • UPSC 2025
  • Caste and Ethnicity after 1947

Independent India inherited a caste order the Constitution explicitly repudiated, and the state's response since 1947 has unfolded across three overlapping tracks — constitutional guarantee, penal legislation, and programmatic welfare.

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What the full answer covers

  • Constitutional Foundations, 1950
  • Legislation Against Discrimination and Atrocity
  • Widening the Circle of Reservation
  • Institutional Machinery
  • Socio-Economic and Welfare Programmes

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