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History Optional PYQ Master Pack · Model answer

Discuss the different stages of the unification of Italy from 1848 to the occupation of Rome in 1870.

  • UPSC 2023
  • Nation-State System

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The unification of Italy unfolded over seven distinct stages between 1848 and 1870, moving from failed popular revolution to a carefully engineered combination of diplomacy, war, and conquest.

You are reading the opening of the model answer. The full answer is part of the History Optional PYQ Master Pack.

What the full answer covers

  • Stage One: The Revolutions of 1848–49 and the First War of Independence
  • Stage Two: The Decade of Preparation, 1849–1859
  • Stage Three: The Second War of Independence, 1859
  • Stage Four: The Expedition of the Thousand and Southern Revolution, 1860
  • Stage Five: Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy, 1861
  • Stage Six: The Third War of Independence and Venetia, 1866
  • …and 1 more sections, with a conclusion
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