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Geography Optional 300+ Score Pack · Model answer

Discuss the contemporary paradigms of Geography.

  • UPSC 2017
  • Perspectives in Human Geography

A paradigm, in Thomas Kuhn's formulation in The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962), is the bundle of shared assumptions, accepted methods and exemplary problem-solutions that binds a research community and tells its members what is worth asking and how to ask it; within a paradigm, practitioners do "normal science" — puzzle-solving inside settled rules.

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What the full answer covers

  • Why Geography Escapes Kuhn: Accumulation Rather Than Replacement
  • The Analytical–Nomothetic Family: Space as Measurable Order
  • Positivist Spatial Science and Its Computational Descendants
  • The Subject-Centred Turn: Perceived Worlds and Lived Places
  • Behavioural Geography
  • Humanistic Geography
  • …and 10 more sections, with a conclusion

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