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Sociology Optional PYQ Solutions · Model answer

Discuss the changing nature of the problems of working class in the informal sector of the economy.

  • UPSC 2016
  • 20 marks
  • Industrialization and Urbanisation in India

India's informal working class has never been secure, but the shape of its insecurity has changed twice — with liberalisation, and again with the platform. Jan Breman's trajectory marks the shift: from the bonded hali of south Gujarat in Patronage and Exploitation (1974), to the circulating workforce of Footloose Labour (1996), to an informal economy…

You are reading the opening of the model answer. The full answer is part of Sociology Optional PYQ Solutions.

What the full answer covers

  • The classical problems: 1970s and 1980s
  • What changed after 1991
  • The new problems
  • The counter-movement, and its limits
  • Conclusion

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