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History Optional PYQ Master Pack · Model answer

Discuss the changing nature of Dalit assertion in India in the twentieth century.

  • UPSC 2021
  • Caste and Ethnicity after 1947

Dalit assertion across the twentieth century moved through distinct, overlapping phases, each redefining what "empowerment" meant.

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What the full answer covers

  • Phase I (Early 1900s–1930s): Social Reform and the Demand for Rights
  • Phase II (1940s–1960s): Constitutional and Electoral Incorporation
  • Phase III (1970s): Radical Cultural and Literary Assertion
  • Phase IV (1980s–1990s): Autonomous Mass Political Mobilisation
  • Phase V (2000s Onward): Diversified and Digitally Mediated Assertion

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