History Optional PYQ Master Pack · Model answer
Discuss salient features of the Indus Valley Civilization. Mention important places from where relics of civilization have been recovered so far. Examine causes of its decline.
- UPSC 1999
- Indus Valley Civilization
Spread across an area larger than either Egypt or Mesopotamia, the Harappan (Indus) civilization, dated broadly to c. 2600–1900 BCE in its mature urban phase, presents a puzzle that later civilizations rarely pose so sharply: a culture whose material sophistication is beyond doubt but whose script remains undeciphered, leaving its political structure, religion, and eventual…
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What the full answer covers
- Urban Character Resting on a Rural Base
- Town Planning: Unity of Conception, With Real Variation
- Water Management, Sanitation, and Monumental Structures
- Craft, Trade, Script, and Belief
- Important Sites and Their Distinctive Contribution
- Examining the Causes of Decline
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