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History Optional PYQ Master Pack · Model answer

Discuss critically the salient features of Mikhail Gorbachev’s domestic reforms.

  • UPSC 2025
  • Disintegration of the Soviet Union and the Rise of the Unipolar World

Mikhail Gorbachev, on becoming General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in 1985, inherited an economy stagnating under falling oil revenues and a political system widely regarded as sclerotic, prompting the most ambitious domestic reform programme in Soviet history.

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What the full answer covers

  • Uskoreniye: The Initial, Ineffectual Start
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  • Glasnost: Openness and Democratization
  • The "Common European Home" as Domestic-Foreign Bridge
  • Critical Assessment: Design Versus Execution

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