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History Optional PYQ Master Pack · Model answer

Discuss and evaluate critically various trends in the historiography of Bhakti.

  • UPSC 2013
  • The Fifteenth and Early Sixteenth Century: Political History

The historiography of Bhakti is a history of successive scholarly attempts to explain the same phenomenon — mass devotional religion across medieval India — through entirely different causal lenses.

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What the full answer covers

  • The Foundational Debate: Indigenous Evolution versus Islamic Influence
  • Bhakti as Social Protest: The Materialist and Reformist Reading
  • The Status-Quoist Counter-Reading
  • Questioning a Single "Bhakti Movement": The Regional and Textual Turn
  • Re-Brahmanization and the Politics of Later Appropriation

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