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Geography Optional 300+ Score Pack · Model answer

Differentiate between the characteristics of organic horizons and mineral horizons in a generalised soil profile.

  • UPSC 2023
  • Biogeography

A generalised soil profile holds two classes of horizon defined by composition: organic (O) horizons, dominated by plant and animal residues, and mineral horizons (A, E, B, C), dominated by weathered rock particles, above bedrock (R).

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What the full answer covers

  • Criteria of Difference
  • Origin and Composition
  • Basis of Subdivision
  • Colour and Physical Behaviour
  • Thickness and Position
  • Function
  • …and 1 more sections, with a conclusion

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