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Sociology Optional PYQ Solutions · Model answer

Differentiate between protests and movements. Discuss some of those movements which changed the fabric of Indian agrarian society during the colonial period.

  • UPSC 2026
  • Impact of Colonial Rule on Indian Society

M. S. A. Rao, in Social Movements and Social Transformation (1979), defines a social movement as sustained collective mobilisation through informal or formal organisation, carrying an ideology and oriented towards changing the existing system of relationships. A protest meets none of these tests except grievance. The colonial countryside is where the distinction is best examined,…

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What the full answer covers

  • The criteria that separate the two
  • Movements that changed the agrarian fabric
  • Conclusion

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