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PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions · Model answer

Differentiate between Freedom and Liberty. Discuss Marx’s notion of freedom.

  • UPSC 2017
  • 15 marks
  • Equality and Liberty

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Most political theorists, Isaiah Berlin included, use freedom and liberty interchangeably. English alone among European languages has two words, and Hanna Fenichel Pitkin ("Are Freedom and Liberty Twins?", Political Theory, 1988) showed that each carries its own nuance.

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What the full answer covers

  • Freedom and liberty: a difference of emphasis
  • Marx's notion of freedom
  • Critiques and relevance
  • Conclusion
PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions

PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions

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