History Optional PYQ Master Pack · Model answer
Did the mastery over agriculture act as a leverage for the rise of Harappan towns and cities? Discuss.
- UPSC 2019
- Indus Valley Civilization
Every Bronze-Age city faced the same arithmetic problem: a population of craftsmen, traders, priests, and administrators who did not grow their own food had to be fed by someone else's surplus. Whether the Harappan Civilization could sustain its urban centres — Mohenjodaro, Harappa, Dholavira, Kalibangan — therefore hinges on whether its agrarian base was productive…
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What the full answer covers
- A Regionally Diversified Agrarian Base
- Animal Husbandry as a Parallel Pillar
- Fishing, Foraging, and the Riverine-Marine Fringe
- Surplus, Storage, and the Non-Agricultural Economy
- Weighing the Rival Claim: Long-Distance Trade
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