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Geography Optional 300+ Score Pack · Model answer

“Development planning has a component of environmental cost”. Discuss.

  • UPSC 2015
  • Regional Planning

Development planning is deliberate state action to raise growth above its spontaneous rate; environmental cost is the uncompensated depletion and degradation that such action imposes on natural capital.

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What the full answer covers

  • Where the Cost Arises Across Sectors
  • Why Planning Systematically Under-counts It
  • The Institutional Response

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