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Sociology Optional PYQ Solutions · Model answer

Describe the process of emergence of the middle class in India. What role has the middle class played in national development?

  • UPSC 2005
  • Social Classes in India

India's middle class did not grow out of industry as its European counterpart did; it was assembled in stages by the state, first colonial then developmental. That history explains why its contribution to development has come through knowledge, administration and technology rather than capital.

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What the full answer covers

  • The process of emergence
  • Role in national development
  • The critique
  • Conclusion

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