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Geography Optional 300+ Score Pack · Model answer

Describe the causes of the phenomenon of ‘urban heat island’. What are the effective measures to deal with this phenomenon in India ?

  • UPSC 2025
  • Contemporary Issues

An urban heat island is a disturbance of the surface energy balance, not a by-product of crowding: a moist, vegetated surface is replaced by a dry, dark, textured one, and the temperature difference follows.

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What the full answer covers

  • Causes: What the City Does to the Energy Budget
  • The Standard Account and What Indian Measurement Shows
  • Effective Measures for India

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