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Geography Optional 300+ Score Pack · Model answer

Describe the altitudinal and spatial geo-environmental hazards in the Himalayas.

  • UPSC 2019
  • Contemporary Issues

Carl Troll, who coined landscape ecology in 1939 and built a three-dimensional climatic classification of mountains from Alexander von Humboldt's altitudinal belts, showed that a mountain is stratified vertically into distinct process domains; Bruno Messerli carried this into mountain geoecology, treating each belt as a separate hazard regime rather than a slice of one undifferentiated…

You are reading the opening of the model answer. The full answer is part of the Geography Optional 300+ Score Pack.

What the full answer covers

  • The Organising Principle: Hazard Follows the Process Domain
  • The Altitudinal Axis
  • Above 4,500 m — the glacial and periglacial belt
  • 3,000-4,500 m — the high snow-slope belt
  • 1,200-3,000 m — the mid-mountain belt
  • Below 1,200 m — Siwalik, Bhabar and Terai
  • …and 1 more sections, with a conclusion

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