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Geography Optional 300+ Score Pack · Model answer

‘Demographic achievements are more fragile than previously assumed!’ Analyse the statement in the context of mortality changes being experienced in the contemporary world.

  • 15 marks
  • Population Geography

Classical transition theory treated the mortality decline as a ratchet — once achieved, irreversible. The record since the mid-1980s contradicts that assumption. Life expectancy has fallen for a decade or more in southern Africa, post-Soviet Europe and the conflict belt, stalled in the richest democracy on earth, and briefly retreated almost everywhere. Mortality gain is…

You are reading the opening of the model answer. The full answer is part of the Geography Optional 300+ Score Pack.

What the full answer covers

  • The Assumption Being Contested
  • The Post-War Convergence and Where It Broke
  • The Evidence of Reversal
  • Epidemic shock — HIV/AIDS in southern Africa
  • Institutional collapse — the post-Soviet mortality crisis
  • Reversal inside an affluent democracy — deaths of despair
  • …and 6 more sections, with a conclusion

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