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Geography Optional 300+ Score Pack · Model answer

Critically examine the relevance of Ravenstein’s law of population migration with reference to India.

  • UPSC 2021
  • Cultural Setting

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Ernst Georg Ravenstein derived his laws (1885-1889) from birthplace tables of the British censuses of 1871 and 1881, treating migration as orderly redistribution from a country of dispersal to a country of absorption. Core propositions: distance decay, short-distance dominance, step migration up the urban hierarchy, a counter-stream for every stream, economic motive as primary, rural…

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What the full answer covers

  • The Orthodox Position
  • Laws That Hold in India
  • Where the Laws Fail
  • The Modifications
  • Judgement
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