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History Optional PYQ Master Pack · Model answer

Critically examine the nature and scope of environmental movements in Independent India.

  • UPSC 2016
  • Economic Development and Political Change

Environmental movements in independent India — largely a post-1970s phenomenon — form a distinctive, non-Western strand of ecological politics rooted in livelihood rather than lifestyle concerns.

You are reading the opening of the model answer. The full answer is part of the History Optional PYQ Master Pack.

What the full answer covers

  • Background: Why Environmental Movements Emerged
  • Nature of the Movements
  • Method: Gandhian, Non-Violent, Mass-Based
  • Framing: Survival, Not Luxury
  • Leadership and Organisation
  • Use of Constitutional and Legal Means
  • …and 3 more sections, with a conclusion

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