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Geography Optional 300+ Score Pack · Model answer

Critically examine the factors affecting the unpredictability of South-West Monsoon system in India.

  • UPSC 2022
  • Physical Setting

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The south-west monsoon is reliable as an event and unpredictable as a quantity. Its unpredictability is measurable: the coefficient of variation of monsoon rainfall runs between 15 and 35 per cent nationally, exceeds 40 per cent across Rajasthan, Gujarat and parts of Punjab and Haryana, and reaches 60 to 80 per cent in the extreme…

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What the full answer covers

  • The Orthodox Account and Its Limits
  • The Factors That Compound It
  • Flavour of the event, not its magnitude
  • A second ocean competing
  • Internal variability
  • Orographic sensitivity
  • …and 3 more sections, with a conclusion
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