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History Optional PYQ Master Pack · Model answer

Critically examine the causes responsible for the phenomenon called ‘deindustrialisation’ in India during the nineteenth century.

  • UPSC 2016
  • Economic Impact of British Colonial Rule

Deindustrialisation describes the sustained nineteenth-century decline of India's traditional handicraft and artisanal manufacturing — most severely textiles — and the associated shift of displaced artisans toward agriculture.

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What the full answer covers

  • Unequal Trade and Tariff Policy
  • Competition from Machine-Made Goods
  • The Transport Revolution: Railways as a Double-Edged Cause
  • Erosion of Political and Court Patronage
  • Shifting Elite and Official Consumption Patterns
  • Institutional and Coercive Instruments of Policy
  • …and 1 more sections, with a conclusion

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