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Sociology Optional PYQ Solutions · Model answer

Critically evaluate the relevance of the cyclical theory of social change in understanding contemporary societies.

  • UPSC 2026
  • Social Change in Modern Society

Cyclical theories deny that history has a direction. Against the evolutionary assumption of cumulative progress, they hold that societies pass through recurring phases of rise, maturity and decay, so that decline is as normal as growth. Their credibility rose when progress failed, after 1914; the question is whether the crises of the present decade give…

You are reading the opening of the model answer. The full answer is part of Sociology Optional PYQ Solutions.

What the full answer covers

  • The cyclical family and its engines
  • Where the cycle still explains the present
  • The critique
  • Conclusion

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